Ntau yam hlau-cov kabmob tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li lawv cov pob zeb hauv av: magnetite, hematite, thiab limonite. Lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, crystalline qauv thiab geological tej yam kev mob yog txawv, yog li ntau yam hlau ore muaj txawv sab nraud cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub cev zog.
(1) Magnetite
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau-cov kabmob yog cov hlau nplaum, thiab nws cov qauv tshuaj yog Fe3O4, uas FeO=31 feem pua, Fe2O3=69 feem pua, thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau theoretical yog 72.4 feem pua. Cov ore no qee zaum muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm TiO2 thiab V2O5 cov khoom sib xyaw, hu ua titanomagnetite lossis vitriolite feem. Nws tsis tshua pom muaj nyob rau hauv ntuj ntshiab magnetite ores, thiab feem ntau vim oxidation nto, ib feem ntawm cov magnetite yog oxidized thiab hloov mus rau semi-phantom hematite thiab pseudo-hematite. Lub npe hu ua cuav hematite yog oxidation ntawm magnetite (Fe3O4) rau hauv hematite (Fe2O3), tab sis nws tseem khaws cov qub duab ntawm magnetite, yog li nws hu ua cuav hematite.
Magnetite muaj zog sib nqus, thiab cov siv lead ua feem ntau yog octahedral, thiab ob peb yog rhombic dodecahedron. Cov aggregates feem ntau tsim cov blocks tuab, cov xim streaks yog hlau dub, semi-metallic luster, tus txheeb ze ntom yog 4.9-5.2, hardness yog 5.5-6, thiab tsis muaj cleavage. Lub gangue feem ntau yog quartz thiab silicate. Nws muaj qhov txo qis qis thiab feem ntau muaj cov teeb meem tsis zoo xws li sulfur thiab phosphorus.
(2) Hematite
Hematite yog anhydrous hlau oxide ore, nws cov tshuaj formula yog Fe2O3, thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau theoretical yog 70 feem pua. Cov ore no feem ntau tsim cov deposits loj heev nyob rau hauv qhov, thiab nws yog lub ntsiab ore rau industrial ntau lawm nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm faus thiab mining ntim.
Cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm hematite feem ntau yog 50 feem pua rau 60 feem pua. Nws muaj tsawg dua cov impurities xws li sulfur thiab phosphorus, thiab qhov txo qis zoo dua li cov hlau nplaum. Yog li ntawd, hematite yog ib qho zoo hlau ua raw khoom.
Hematite muaj thawj thiab tsiaj qus, thiab cov regenerated hematite magnetite poob nws cov khoom sib nqus tom qab oxidation, tab sis tseem khaws cov crystalline duab ntawm magnetite. Cov pseudo-hematite feem ntau muaj qee qhov seem hlau nplaum. Qee zaum hematite kuj muaj qee cov khoom siv huab cua ntawm hematite, xws li limonite (2Fe2O3·3H2O).
Hematite muaj ib tug semi-metallic luster, hardness ntawm crystallizer yog 5. Sib nqus, thiab gangue yog silicate.
(3) Limonite
Limonite yog hydrous hlau oxide ore, uas yog tsim los ntawm huab cua ntawm lwm cov ores. Nws yog qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, tab sis nws tsis tshua pom muaj qhov faus loj. Nws cov qauv tshuaj yog nFe2O3·mH2O (n=1-3, m=1-4). Limonite yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm goethite (Fe2O3·H2O), hydrogoethite (2Fe2O3·H2O) thiab cov hlau oxides nrog cov dej siv lead ua sib txawv thiab cov tshuaj argillaceous. Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau-cov kabmob hauv limonite muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 2Fe2O3·H2O.
Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm limonite ore yog 37 feem pua rau 55 feem pua, thiab qee zaum cov ntsiab lus phosphorus siab dua. Limonite muaj zog nqus dej, thiab feem ntau absorbs dej ntau. Tom qab roasting los yog cua sov nyob rau hauv lub moj tej tawg rauv, cov dej dawb thiab siv lead ua dej raug tshem tawm, thiab lub porosity ntawm ore nce, uas zoo heev txhim kho lub reducibility ntawm ore. Yog li ntawd, qhov txo qis ntawm limonite zoo dua li ntawm hematite thiab magnetite. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm cov ore yog sib npaug ntau ntxiv vim qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm noo noo.