1. Ntshiab tooj liab
Cov tooj liab ntshiab yog cov hlau liab liab, thiab nws hloov ntshav tom qab cov yeeb yaj kiab tooj liab oxide tau tsim rau saum npoo, yog li cov tooj liab ntshiab feem ntau hu ua liab tooj liab lossis electrolytic tooj liab. Qhov ceev yog 8-9g / cm3 thiab lub melting point yog 1083 degree . Cov tooj liab ntshiab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab siv dav hauv kev tsim cov xov hlau, cables, txhuam hniav, thiab lwm yam.; nws muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo, thiab feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov cuab yeej sib nqus thiab cov twj paj nruag uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov hlau nplaum, xws li compasses, aviation instruments, thiab lwm yam; plasticity zoo heev, yooj yim rau cua sov Pressed thiab txias pressed, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tooj liab xws li cov kav dej, pas nrig, xov hlau, strips, strips, daim hlau, foils, thiab lwm yam. .
2. Copper alloy
(1) tooj dag
Brass yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc. Cov tooj dag yooj yim tshaj plaws yog tooj liab-zinc binary alloy hu ua tooj dag yooj yim lossis tooj dag. Brass nrog cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus zinc hauv tooj dag. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus zinc hauv tooj dag, lub zog ntau dua thiab qis dua cov yas. Cov ntsiab lus zinc ntawm tooj dag siv hauv kev lag luam tsis tshaj 45 feem pua. Txawm hais tias zinc cov ntsiab lus siab npaum li cas, nws yuav ua rau brittleness thiab deteriorate cov khoom alloy.
Txhawm rau txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm tooj dag, tooj dag uas ntxiv lwm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ib-seem tooj dag hu ua tooj dag tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau siv alloying ntsiab yog silicon, aluminium, tin, lead, manganese, hlau thiab npib tsib xee. Ntxiv aluminium rau tooj dag tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog tawm los thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm tooj dag, thiab txo cov yas me ntsis. Cov tooj dag uas muaj tsawg dua 4 feem pua ntawm txhuas muaj cov khoom zoo xws li kev ua thiab casting. Ntxiv 1 feem pua tin rau tooj dag tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm tooj dag rau dej hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv atmospheric corrosion, yog li nws hu ua "navy tooj dag". Tin kuj txhim kho lub machinability ntawm tooj dag. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxiv cov hlau lead rau tooj dag yog txhawm rau txhim kho machinability thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab cov hlau lead tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub zog ntawm tooj dag. Manganese tooj dag muaj cov khoom siv zoo, thermal stability thiab corrosion kuj; ntxiv aluminium rau manganese tooj dag kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab tau txais cov castings nrog lub ntsej muag du. Brass tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: cov khoom cam khwb cia thiab xovxwm ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv tooj dag.
(2) tooj
Bronze yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub tshaj plaws siv hauv keeb kwm. Nws Ameslikas hais txog tooj liab-tin alloys. Nws yog hu ua bronze vim nws cov xim xiav-grey. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau, lwm cov hlau alloying, xws li txhuas, zinc, phosphorus, thiab lwm yam, kuj ntxiv rau feem ntau cov bronzes. Txij li cov tin yog cov khoom tsis tshua muaj, ntau cov tin-dawb Wuxi bronzes kuj tau siv hauv kev lag luam, uas tsis yog pheej yig xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua. Wuxi bronze feem ntau suav nrog txhuas bronze, beryllium bronze, manganese bronze, silicon bronze thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ternary los yog quaternary bronzes nrog ntau complex compositions. Tam sim no tag nrho cov tooj liab alloys tshwj tsis yog tooj dag thiab cupronickel (tooj liab-nickel alloy) hu ua bronze.
Tin bronze muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab, zoo corrosion kuj, tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab zoo casting zog; me me rhiab heev rau overheating thiab roj, zoo welding kev ua tau zoo, tsis muaj ferromagnetism, thiab me me shrinkage coefficient. Tin bronze muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntau dua li tooj dag hauv huab cua, dej hiav txwv, dej tshiab thiab chav dej. Aluminium bronze muaj cov khoom siv ntau dua li cov tin bronze, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, txias tsis kam, kub tsis kam, tsis muaj ferromagnetism, zoo fluidity, tsis muaj kev sib cais, thiab ntom castings tau. Ntxiv cov khoom xws li hlau, npib tsib xee thiab manganese rau txhuas bronze tuaj yeem txhim kho ntau yam khoom ntawm cov hlau.