Raws li kev txheeb cais, muaj txog 240 cov qauv siv feem ntau rau cov khoom siv hauv tsheb uas tau tso tawm thiab siv, npog lumen sealing ntsiab lus, cov yeeb nkab kab txuas txuas, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntsia hlau, txiv ntseej, bolts, thiab lwm yam, ntawm 115 tus qauv muaj feem xyuam. rau hlau fasteners, accounting txog li 48 feem pua. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam tsheb, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nce kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm tus nqi tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov hlau fasteners (tom qab no hu ua tsheb fasteners), ntau lub tuam txhab tsheb tau sib piv thiab optimized fasteners los ntawm plaub yam: qauv cov khoom, cov khoom siv, kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho deg. Daim ntawv no tham txog qhov no.
1.1 bolts
Rau lub hexagon bolt ntxiv rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws, thaum lub bolt preload qis, cov nyhuv los tiv thaiv loosening yog qhov zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws tsis siv rau qhov tseem ceeb, cov bolts nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws feem ntau yog nruj nrog pneumatic wrenches nrog qhov tseeb ntawm txog ± 40 feem pua hauv kev tsim khoom. Lub sib dhos torque thiab axial quab yuam dispersion yog loj. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xeev flattened, thiab txawm muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nthuav lub nplhaib. Qhov tseeb los tiv thaiv loosening kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntxiv rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws yog tswj tsis tau, Tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim khoom. Rau hexagon flange bolts, muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no.
① Raws li tib cov xov xwm tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw txhawb nqa ntawm hexagon flange ntsia liaj qhov rooj loj dua li ntawm hexagon taub hau ntsia liaj qhov rooj, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub siab zoo ntawm qhov chaw txhawb nqa thiab tsis txhob deformation ntawm qhov txuas;
② Nyob rau hauv tib qho kev sib txhuam coefficient, cov nyhuv los tiv thaiv ntawm flange bolt yog pom tseeb zoo dua li ntawm hexagon bolt;
③ Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm lub tes tsho kawg thiab qhov txuas txuas ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov txuas txuas, lub flange ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog kev lag luam ntau dua li cov hexagon bolt sib dhos nrog lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws.
Hexagon flange bolts yog nyiam, thiab hexagon taub hau bolts, hexagon taub hau bolts ntxiv rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws, hexagon taub hau bolts ntxiv rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxiv rau lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab hexagon taub hau bolts ntxiv rau lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws.
1.2 screws
Cov ntsia hlau daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsia hlau yog sab hauv screwing. Cov ntawv tsav tsheb muaj xws li sab hauv hexagon, hla zawj thiab sab hauv hexagon. Lub taub hau hom muaj xws li lub taub hau puag ncig, lub taub hau cylindrical flange, lub taub hau puag ncig lub taub hau, tiaj tus taub hau flange, lub taub hau lub taub hau, lub taub hau taub hau flange, countersunk taub hau thiab semi countersunk taub hau.
Raws li cov kev cai rau kev sib dhos ua tau zoo kuj tseem txhim kho tas li, hexagon Torx screws yog qhov nyiam, cov qauv tsim tau zoo, thiab kev siv cov hexagon socket screws thiab cross recessed screws yog maj txo.
1.3 luj
Kev siv cov nyhuv ntawm hexagon flange txiv ntoo yog tib yam li ntawm hexagon flange bolt. Yog tias tus qauv tso cai, hexagon flange txiv ntoo yog qhov nyiam. Rau cov khoom uas muaj tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv loosening yuav tsum tau, zoo torque xauv ceev, xws li tag nrho cov hlau xauv ceev thiab non-hlau insert xauv ceev, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Vim hais tias tag nrho cov hlau xauv txiv ntoo yog xauv los ntawm deformation ntawm cov xov, nws tsis haum rau cov khoom uas feem ntau disassembled; Cov txiv ntoo uas tsis yog xim hlau ntxig rau cov txiv ntoo muaj qhov zoo rov qab siv tau, tab sis raws li tus qauv xav tau ntawm cov fasteners, tshwj tsis yog lub cav, nws daim ntawv thov kub yog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 120 degree. Tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov zoo torque hom xauv txiv ntseej yuav tsum kov yeej lub torque ntxiv los ntawm cov txiv ntoo deformation los yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau ntxig thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa, yog li lub torque yuav tsum tau lees paub. Lub clamping quab yuam yuav tsis txaus thaum sib sau ua ke raws li tus nqi torque ntawm cov txiv ntoo zoo tib yam, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv.
1.4 xov
Vim hais tias cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab kev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm cov xov zoo siab dua li cov xov ntxhib, cov xov zoo yuav tsum tau xaiv ntau npaum li qhov ua tau thaum xaiv cov xov loj dua, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov xov fasteners kuj raug txo. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov lus 1 uas feem ntau, tsuas muaj cov hniav ntxhib hauv qab M12 thiab cov hniav zoo tshaj M12. Nyob rau hauv threaded fasteners ntawm kev lag luam tsheb, ntxhib thiab zoo hniav coexist saum M12, thiab tseem muaj chaw rau optimization.
1.5 lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib dhos ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ploj thiab kev sib dhos tsis raug, gaskets tsis raug tso cai nyob ib leeg hauv txoj cai. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntau yam gaskets yog raws li nram no.
① Lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yog tsuas yog siv los txhim kho lub xeev kev sib cuag, ua kom cov kabmob muaj zog thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm kev txhawb nqa; ② Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws siv elasticity los tsim axial preload, uas tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm axial quab yuam. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim los tswj tau zoo, lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog yooj yim rau dais eccentric load thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj; ③ Cov hniav zoo li lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws muaj cov hniav sib tw thiab muaj qhov nyuaj siab tom qab kev kho cua sov. Thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos, cov hniav yuav elastically deformed thiab ib nrab embedded rau hauv cov kev them nyiaj yug nto los tsim ib tug locking nyhuv. Cov hniav zoo li tus ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj ntawm qhov txuas.
kho saum npoo
Automotive fasteners muaj xws li bolts, txiv ntseej thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws, feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho saum npoo los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev xeb, txhim kho lawv cov tsos lossis ua tiav qee yam tshwj xeeb, xws li cov ntsia hlau thiab yoov tshaj cum uas tswj kev xauv lub zog. Piv txwv li, saib Table 2 rau qhov kev pab cuam ib puag ncig thiab corrosion kuj yuav tsum tau ntawm ib lub tsheb hauv tsev fastener.
2.1 electro galvanizing
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws anticorrosion kev ua tau zoo yog zinc daj passivation, ua raws li zinc ntsuab passivation, zinc dub passivation thiab zinc xiav dawb passivation. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov txheej txheem dav dav yog 8 μm. Daj passivation dawb xeb lub sij hawm 72h, liab xeb lub sij hawm 144H; Dub thiab dawb passivation dawb xeb lub sij hawm 6h, liab xeb lub sij hawm 72h.
Peb yam nram qab no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog rau hauv kev siv tswv yim. Nrog rau maj mam zawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev siv trivalent chromium passivation, zinc aluminium txheej thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig rau tsheb fasteners yog tus qauv yav tom ntej; Automotive fasteners nrog lub zog tensile siab tshaj 1000MPa (sib npaug rau hardness tus nqi ntawm 33.5 HRC thiab 332 HV) yuav tsum raug rau hydrogen drive kev kho mob tom qab plating ua ntej passivation kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ncua kev puas tsuaj; Yog tias chromate passivation zaj duab xis raug rau ib puag ncig siab dua 70 degree ntev, nws cov corrosion kuj yuav puas. Yog li ntawd, rau cov cheeb tsam uas kub ambient kub, zinc passivation yuav tsum tau siv ceev faj.
2.2 zinc aluminium txheej
Lub zinc aluminium txheej tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Lub sijhawm xeb liab ntawm nruab nrab ntsev tshuaj tsuag tuaj yeem ncav cuag 720h. Cov xim txheej yog xim dub thiab grey. Ntxiv cov roj nplua nyeem rau cov kua txheej tuaj yeem hloov qhov sib txhuam coefficient. Bolts ntawm qib 10.9 thiab siab dua yog nyiam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum siv. Lub zog adhesion ntawm zinc aluminium txheej thiab substrate tsis muaj zog li zinc plating, thiab muaj hmoov poob thaum siv. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw sib kis, thiab nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov bolts uas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov ntsia hlau loj thiab cov txiv ntseej, lub thoob plating yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov khawb thiab pob, txo cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv; Rau cov fasteners uas yuav tsum tau conductivity thiab fasteners nrog lwm cov xov nominal txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua M6 thiab sab hauv xov tsawg dua M10, zinc aluminium txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los xyuas kom meej screwing thiab ib txwm sib dhos.
2.3 zinc nickel alloy
Piv nrog zinc plating, corrosion kuj ntawm zinc npib tsib xee alloy tau zoo heev, thiab tib plating 8 μ Tom qab passivation thiab sealing kev kho mob, qhov saum npoo yuav dawb dawb xeb rau 240h thiab liab xeb rau 1000h; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txij li zinc npib tsib xee alloy tseem muaj qhov nyiam me ntsis ntawm hydrogen embrittlement, txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub tsheb fasteners nrog tensile zog ntau dua 1000MPa, yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj tsim nyog ua ntej siv.
2.4 tooj liab plating
Lub melting point ntawm tooj liab yog hais txog 1083 degree. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub, kom tsis txhob sintering ntawm threaded qhov chaw, tooj liab plating yog xaiv rau kev kho mob saum npoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tsheb fasteners nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cav tso manifold.
Cov khoom siv thiab kev kho cua sov
Lub tsheb muaj zog bolts feem ntau xa mus rau cov khoom ntawm qib 8.8 lossis siab dua, uas tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj lub zog tensile siab thiab tawm los piv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom kuj yog quenching thiab tempering kev kho mob ntawm high-strength bolts. Swrch35k, 10B21, 10b33, 35CrMo, 42CrMo lossis 20MnTiB steel raug xaiv raws li cov ntaub ntawv, saib Table 3 kom paub meej. Raws li peb txhua tus paub, cov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb qhia txog kev nyab xeeb. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm swrch35k thiab 10B21 steel yog tsis zoo hardenability. Kev tswj tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem quenching thiab tempering ntawm lub zog siab bolts plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev kho cua sov kom zoo ntawm lub tsheb muaj zog bolts, cov hlau yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm peb yam hauv qab no. ① Tswj cov ntsiab lus carbon nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab sauv txwv tsis tau tsuas yog txhim kho lub zog thiab toughness ntawm hlau, tab sis kuj txo qhov nyiam ntawm kev sib cais. ② Tswj cov khoom siv alloying mus rau sab sauv tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab toughness ntawm cov hlau. ③ Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem seem P thiab s kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau tsis huv. Tsheb fastener qib thiab cov khoom siv.
Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv kev tswj kom zoo uas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv sab hauv thiab cov khoom ntawm bolts thaum lub sij hawm quenching thiab tempering tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas hauv lub sijhawm. Ua ntej thauj khoom, ua tib zoo xyuas cov cim ntawm lub taub hau ntsia liaj qhov rooj kom paub meej tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov bolts yuav tsum tau ua tiav yog qhov tseeb, tsis ploj thiab txheeb xyuas tau tom qab kev kho cua sov. Cov txheej txheem quenching thiab cua sov yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis, lub peev xwm carbon yuav tsum raug, thiab lub sij hawm quenching ntawm txhua batch ntawm bolts yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Tom qab qhov nruab nrab quenching tawm, qhov hardness ntawm lub workpiece yuav tsum tau kuaj. 10B21 thiab 20MnTiB steel yuav tsum siab tshaj 43hrc; Swrch35k, 45 thiab 10b33 steel yuav tsum ntau tshaj 48hrc. Lub microstructure tom qab quenching yog zoo koob martensite, uas yog soj ntsuam raws li JB / t 9211-2008 martensite qib ntawm nruab nrab carbon steel thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy structural steel. Lub quenching martensite yog qib 3-5, ua tau raws li cov kev cai; Lub uniformity ntawm quenching hardness ntawm nto thiab cov tub ntxhais yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 3HRC.